Morris n



(N0 Model.)

M. N. OASTLEMAN. 0111111111 CLOSURE.

No. 441,611. Patented Nov. 25, 1890.

lmllll UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MORRIS N. CASTLEMAN, OF ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR, BY DIRECT AND MENSE ASSIGNMENTS, TO HENRY II. PALMER, GEORGE E. KING, AND

SAMUEL D. PALMER, OF SAME PLACE.

CHURN-CLOSURE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 441,611, dated November 25, 1890.

Application filed November 14, 1889. Serial No. 330,282. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, MORRIS N. CASTLEMAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Rockford, in the county of WVinnebago and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Churn-Closures, of which the following is a specification.

The object of this invention is to construct a churn having ears secured to its outside and lo a pair of bails pivoted to the ears, having their ends in cam form to press on the removable head, thereby holding it in position.

The further object is to make the ends of the bails vertically adjustable, so as to increase I 5 the holding force of the cams; also, a metallic ring is seated in an annulargroovein the end of the chine of the churn-barrel.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of a churn embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a vertical central section through the churn, showing the construction of the metallic ring and its connection with the removable head. Figs. 4, 5, and 6 are detail 2 5 views of the ear.

The body 1 of the churn is of the usual barrel form composed of staves. In the ends of the staves is formed an annular groove 2 of sufficient depth and size to receive the depending flange 3 of a metallic ring 4. The portion 4 of the ring that extends beyond the ends of the staves in this instance is cylindrical in form, but may be of any other form if found better adapted for the purpose for which it is intended. By the employment of a metallic ring seated in the groove in the ends of the staves forming the churn-body strength and form are given to the open end of the churn, thereby preventing the swelling,

shrinkage, or splitting of the staves, and at the same time giving the full-size opening of the churn.

The removable head is composed of the main wooden center 5, whose periphery is surrounded by a metallic ring 6, which also extends over a portion of the upper surface of the head, while a brace 6% extends across the upper portion of the wooden head to give strength thereto, and a handle 7 connected to this brace, furnishes the means for handling the removable head. An annular ring 7?}, of cork or other suitable packing, is placed in an annular groove formed in the under face of the cover.

Ears 8 are secured to the outside of the churn-body by suitable fastenings. These ears are composed of a base portion 9, a vertical portion 10, and an upper end 11. The portion 10 is slotted, as shown at 12. An arm 13 extends through the slot and is held in position by a screw-threaded rod 14;, held between the upper and lower portions of the ear, said arm 13 being perforated at 20 to receive the rod 14, screw-nuts 15 being placed on the rod 14 each side of the arm 13, by means of which the arm can be raised or lowered and held in its adjusted position. The above elements may be regarded as constituting the complete ear. That portion of the arm 13 that projects beyond the ear is horizon- 7o tally bored, as shown at 16, and in said opening the bails 17 are pivoted. These bails extend across the circumference of the churn and have their ends 18 extending beyond the ears and bent at about right angles to the main portion, thus forming cams for holding the removable head in position. These camformed ends of the bails rest on peripheral projections 19, extending outward from the edge of the removable head. When the bails 8o 7 are swung inward, as shown at Fig. 1, by the vertical adjustment of the pivot of the bail, the required holding pressure can be obtained. By swinging the bails outward and downward their cam-formed ends will pass outward from over the peripheral projections, allowing the head to be removed in the direction of the length of the churn and to be placed on in the same manner.

By the above construction I produce a churn-fastening of few pieces and easy to operate, and when the removable head is se-. cured in place the cam-formed ends of the bails pass beyond the vertical center of their pivotal connection with the ear, thereby preventing all liability of their becoming n11- fastened.

By pivoting the bails to the outside of the churn the full opening of the churn is obtained, which is very advantageous in clean- I00 ing the churn, and each bailis provided with two cams, thereby pressing at two points on the removable head and equalizing the press ure applied by each bail.

It is obvious that the bails when turned down to hold the head in place operate as levers and perform no function as bails until they are raised again into their upright position, and they may with perfect propriety be considered as levers in connection with their holding capacity. Hence it is ii'nmatcrial in the performance of their function as levers whether the bails extend continuously around from one ear to the other or not, although for convenience in designation, both in specification and claims, I term them bails, whether performing the function of bails or of levers.

So far as known to me I am the firstto employ a pairof bails provided with self-lockin g cams which engage and hold the removable head in position. Therefore it is immaterial where the bails are pivoted to the churn, by which term I mean to embrace the churnbody, ring-head, or removable head, so long as they have the self-locking cams, and Iconsider any of the above locations within the scope of my invention.

I claim as my invention 1. The combination of a churn-bod y, a removable head adapted to be placed on and removed from the churn-body in the direction of its length, and a pair of bails pivoted to the churn-body, said bails provided with self-locking cams which engage and hold the removable head in position, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination of a churn-body, a removable head adapted to be placed on and removed from the churn-body in the direction of its length, two pairs of ears secured to the churn-body, and a pair of bails pivoted to the ears, said bails provided with selflocking cams which engage and hold the removable head in position, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination of a churn-body, a re movable head, a ring-head on which the removable head rests, and a pair of bails pivoted to the churn-body, said bails having self-locking cams which engage the removable head,holding it in position, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination of a churn-body, a removable head, a ring-head, two pairs of ears secured to the churn-body, and a pair of bails pivoted to the ears, said bails having selflocking cams which engage the removable head, holding it in position, substantially as set forth.

' 5. The combination of a churn, a removable head, two pairs of cars secured to the churn,and a pair of bails pivoted to the ears, said bails having cams which engage the removable head and made adjustable to regulate their holding force, substantially as set forth.

(5. The combination of a churn, a removable head, two pairs of cars secured to the churn, and a pair of bails having their ends inserted through holes in the ears and bent to form self-locking cams to engage and hold the removable head in position,substantially as set forth.

7. The combination of a churn, a removable head, two pairs of cars secured to the churn, and a pair of bails pivoted to the ears and engaging the removable head, the ends of the bails being made verticallyadjustable, substantially as set forth.

8. The combination of a churn, a removable head, two pairs of cars secured to the churn, and a pair of bails pivoted to the ears, said bails having cams which engage the removable head, the ends of the bails being made vertically adjustable, substantially as set forth.

9. The combination of a churn-body, a removable head provided with peripheral projections, and a pair of bails pivoted to the churn-body, said bails having cams which engage the peripheral projections, substantially as set forth.

10. The combination of a churn, a removable head, two pairs of cars secured to the churn, each ear composed of a base portion and a laterally-projecting arm made Vertically adjustable in its connection wit-h the base portion, and a pair of bails pivoted to the arms and engaging the removable head, substantially as set forth. I

11. The combination of a churn, a removable liead, two pairs of cars secured to the churn, each ear composed of a base portion and an arm made vertically adjustable in its connection with the base portion by a screwthreaded rod and screw-nuts placed on the rod on each side of the arm, and a pair of bails pivoted to the adjustable arms and engaging the removable head, substantially as set forth.

12. The combination of a churn-body having an annular groove in the end of its chine,

a metallic ring seated in the groove, and a removable head provided with a packing seated on the ring, thereby forming a tight joint, substantially as set forth.

13. The combination of a churn-body having an annular groove in the end of its chine, a metallic ring seated in the groove, a removable head provided with a packing seated 011 the ring, and means for holding the removable head'in position on the churn, substantially as set forth.

1%. The combination of a churn-body having an annular groove in the end of its chine, a metallic ring seated in the groove, a removable head seated on the ring, and a pair of bails pivoted to the churn-body, holding the head in position on the churn, substantially as set forth.

MORRIS N. (JASTL IIMAN. \Vitnesses:

OLIVER DRAKE, A. O. BEIIEL.

ICC 

